Howard Zinn s Development Of Slavery - 1574 Words

From the 17th to the 19th century, Europeans enslaved African people and forced them to perform exhausting labor. In A People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn described the development of slavery by stating the contributing factors. For instance, settlers coming from Europe would station in Africa to force Africans to go to America and work on the colonists’ plantations. African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1619 to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. In addition to being plantation workers, slaves would also work in the houses of their owners as butlers, cooks, and nurses for children. Furthermore, slaves were taken away, against their will, from their families, homes and countries. The conditions that they were expected to endure during the journey in the Middle Passage were horrendous. However, beginning around the 1860’s many people, blacks and whites included, worked to undermine a nd abolish slavery. They did so because slavery was inhumane and a crime against humanity. Efforts to undermine slavery were not limited to only blacks, as both blacks and whites contributed to the movements undermining and, eventually, abolishing slavery. This collaboration shows that even with ongoing oppression and discrimination, humans are capable of empathy and compassion, and are able to motivate themselves to take actions against the dehumanizing of others. Through songs, defiance, running away, and revoltingShow MoreRelatedHoward Zinn s Development Of Slavery1363 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the 17th to the 19th century, Europeans expedited African people to perform exhausting labor, thus restricting their freedom. In a People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn described the development of slavery by stating the contributing factors. For instance, European settlers coming from Europe and Spain would station at Africa to force Africans to return to America and work on plantations. African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, toRead MoreThe Racial Contract And Sexual Contract Affect Poverty1495 Words   |  6 PagesEven now women are still struggling against that old fashion mentality that they are inferior, unequal to men. How do the racial contract and sexual contract affect poverty? Using Howard Zinn or other class readings, provide specific examples of what Mill calls: An expropriation contract An exploitation or slavery contract a domination or colonial contract Some ways that the racial contract affect poverty is the ?color-coded distribution of wealth?.1 Most of the worlds wealth is controlled by whitesRead MoreThe American Revolution And American War Of Independence1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthe war can be interestingly explained by Zinn from the chapter Tyranny Is Tyranny in A People’s History of The United States: 1â€Å"Around 1776, certain important people in the English colonies made a discovery that would prove enormously useful for the next two hundred years. 2They found that by creating a nation, a symbol, a legal unity called the United States, they could take over land, profits, and political power from favorites of the British Empire† (Zinn). Indeed, the American Revolution left aRead MoreExploring Howard Zinns Life 1575 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores Howard Zinn’s life as an influential historian and public intellectual. It argues for his critical, singular position as an academic who left a mar k on generations of Americans as well as international persons by guiding us all to critically view various institutions and structures of power, particularly in the realm of government. By looking at four major aspects of his life, as radical historian, civil rights crusader, anti-war activist, and labor rights activist, the paperRead More The Development of Racism Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe Development of Racism Slaverys twin legacies to the present are the social and economic inferiority it conferred upon blacks and the cultural racism it instilled in whites. Both continue to haunt our society. Therefore, treating slaverys enduring legacy is necessarily controversial. Unlike slavery, racism is not over yet. (Loewen 143) Racism can be defined as any set of beliefs, which classifies humanity into distinct collectives, defined in terms of natural and/or cultural attributesRead MoreAnalysis Of Howard Zinn s Indians History Of The Us And Larry Schweikart s, Patriots1516 Words   |  7 PagesHistory 2112 Critical Analysis Paper #1 Dr. Pitts James Hamby Monday-Wednesday 8:30pm Patriot’s vs. People’s Howard Zinn’s, Peoples’ History of the US and Larry Schweikart’s, Patriots’ History of the US are two analytical views on history that most people would consider politically conflicting. Zinn’s Marxist book was widely praised by liberal activist and Schweikart’s book is greatly publicized by conservatives like Rush Limbaugh and Glenn Beck. These two widely known historians turned theirRead MoreThe Social, Cultural, and Economic Impact of Transatlantic Slave Trade714 Words   |  3 PagesIncentives for Slavery Genery and Hogendorn (1974) proposed that the unlimited supply of land in the Americas demanded an unlimited supply of labor to maximize profits. Indentured servants from Europe were too few in number to exploit the amount of land available for development. Native Americans had been decimated by disease, massacre, and displacement and the few remaining were often hostile to the idea living as slaves (Zinn, 1999). Karl Marx captured the economics of slavery in brutal termsRead MoreAnalysis Of Zinn s The Battle Of The Underdog Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesrather than from the point of view of historians or politicians. Zinn s main purpose for writing his book is...not to be on the side of the executioners, but to shed light on the side of the various people and cultures who were ignored or deleted from history lessons. In other words, Zinn wants to tell the story of the underdog, the men and women who have been hidden in between the spoken and written words of others. According to Zinn, other books portray Columbus as almost a holy character who wasRead More Oppression and Class warfare Exposed in Dr. Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States2112 Words   |  9 Pages Dr. Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States might be better titled A Proletarian’s History of the United States. In the first three chapters Zinn looks at not only the history of the conquerors, rulers, and leaders; but also the history of the enslaved, the oppressed, and the led. Like any American History book covering the time period of 1492 until the early 1760’s, A People’s History tells the story of the â€Å"discovery† of America, early colonization by European Read MoreU.s Market Expansion Of The United States Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel A People’s History of the United States, 1492-Present by Howard Zinn, â€Å"between the American Revolution and the Civil War, so many elements of American society were changing-the growth of population, the movement westward, the development of the factory system, expansion of political rights for white men, educational growth to match the new economic needs-that changes were bound to take place in the situation of women† (Zinn, 101). In other words, every American’s life was impacted by the

The Media Of The Oil Spill Of 2010 From China, The United...

Modern culture thrives on news media as our primary source of information, but this creates an information overload from all of the various perspectives in coverage. Media coverage is essential is our development and understanding of international affairs. Therefore, the biases in coverage can have drastic effects in our interpretation of world’s news. Countries tend to present their news in a way that favors them and their governmental responses, but coverage of other nations can be telling of their relations. The use of word choice, tone, and even selective use of quotes can have drastic effects on people’s perceptions of the information from the media. This can be observed in the media analysis of the Xingang Port oil spill of 2010 through news sources from China, the United States, and Ireland. While some nuances of American news media still portray competition between the United States and China, the portrayal of the oil spill proves that both countries are working toward improving relations with each other. The relationship between China and United States previous to the spill was pretty stable in regards to oil and energy. But the United States was feeling increasingly frustrated with the Chinese trade policy as they refused to revalue the Yuan. In 2010, China was both the second largest consumer and the second largest importer of crude oil behind the United States (Hays). China had begun collecting oil for its national oil reserve in 2004 and most of this oil isShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesCompanies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. 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Second Foundation 7. Arcadia Free Essays

DARELL, ARKADY novelist, born 11, 5, 362 F.E., died 1, 7, 443 F. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Foundation 7. Arcadia or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Although primarily a writer of fiction, Arkady Darell is best known for her biography of her grandmother, Bayta Darell. Based on first-hand information, it has for centuries served as a primary source of information concerning the Mule and his times†¦ Like â€Å"Unkeyed Memories†, her novel â€Å"Time and Time and Over† is a stirring reflection of the brilliant Kalganian society of the early Interregnum, based, it is said, on a visit to Kalgan in her youth†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica Arcadia Darell declaimed firmly into the mouthpiece of her transcriber: â€Å"The Future of Seldon’s Plan, by A. Darell† and then thought darkly that some day when she was a great writer, she would write all her masterpieces under the pseudonym of Arkady. Just Arkady. No last name at all. â€Å"A. Darell† would be just the sort of thing that she would have to put on all her themes for her class in Composition and Rhetoric – so tasteless. All the other kids had to do it, too, except for Olynthus Dam, because the class laughed so when he did it the first time, And â€Å"Arcadia† was a little girls name, wished on her because her great-grandmother had been called that; her parents just had no imagination at all. Now that she was two days past fourteen, you’d think they’d recognize the simple fact of adulthood and call her Arkady. Her lips tightened as she thought of her father looking up from his book-viewer just long enough to say, â€Å"But if you’re going to pretend you’re nineteen, Arcadia, what will you do when you’re twenty-five and all the boys think you’re thirty?† From where she sprawled across the arms and into the hollow of her own special armchair, she could see the mirror on her dresser. Her foot was a little in the way because her house slipper kept twirling about her big toe, so she pulled it in and sat up with an unnatural straightness to her neck that she felt sure, somehow, lengthened it a full two inches into slim regality. For a moment, she considered her face thoughtfully – too fat. She opened her jaws half an inch behind closed lips, and caught the resultant trace of unnatural gauntness at every angle. She licked her lips with a quick touch of tongue and let them pout a bit in moist softness. Then she let her eyelids droop in a weary, worldly way- Oh, golly if only her cheeks weren’t that silly pink. She tried putting her fingers to the outer corners of her eye and tilting the lids a bit to get that mysterious exotic languor of the women of the inner star systems, but her hands were in the way and she couldn’t see her face very well. Then she lifted her chin, caught herself at a half-profile, and with her eyes a little strained from looking out the comer and her neck muscles faintly aching, she said, in a voice one octave below its natural pitch, â€Å"Really, father, if you think it makes a particle of difference to me what some silly old boys think you just-â€Å" And then she remembered that she still had the transmitter open in her hand and said, drearily, â€Å"Oh, golly,† and shut it off. The faintly violet paper with the peach margin line on the left had upon it the following: â€Å"THE FUTURE OF SELDON’S PLAN† â€Å"Really, father, if you think it makes a particle of difference to me what some silly old boys think you just â€Å"Oh, golly.† She pulled the sheet out of the machine with annoyance and another clicked neatly into place. But her face smoothed out of its vexation, nevertheless, and her wide, little mouth stretched into a self-satisfied smile. She sniffed at the paper delicately. just right. Just that proper touch of elegance and charm. And the penmanship was just the last word. The machine had been delivered two days ago on her first adult birthday. She had said, â€Å"But father, everybody – just everybody in the class who has the slightest pretensions to being anybody has one. Nobody but some old drips would use hand machines-â€Å" The salesman had said, â€Å"There is no other model as compact on the one hand and as adaptable on the other. It will spell and punctuate correctly according to the sense of the sentence. Naturally, it is a great aid to education since it encourages the user to employ careful enunciation and breathing in order to make sure of the correct spelling, to say nothing of demanding a proper and elegant delivery for correct punctuation.† Even then her father had tried to get one geared for type-print as if she were some dried-up, old-maid teacher. But when it was delivered, it was the model she wanted – obtained perhaps with a little more wail and sniffle than quite went with the adulthood of fourteen – and copy was turned out in a charming and entirely feminine handwriting, with the most beautifully graceful capitals anyone ever saw. Even the phrase, â€Å"Oh, golly.† somehow breathed glamour when the Transcriber was done with it. But just the same she had to get it right, so she sat up straight in her chair, placed her first draft before her in businesslike fashion, and began again, crisply and clearly; her abdomen flat, her chest lifted, and her breathing carefully controlled. She intoned, with dramatic fervor: â€Å"The Future of Seldon’s Plan. â€Å"The Foundation’s past history is, I am sure, well-known to all of us who have had the good fortune to be educated in our planet’s efficient and well-staffed school system. (There! That would start things off right with Miss Erlking, that mean old hag.) That past history is largely the past history of the great Plan of Hari Seldon. The two are one. But the question in the mind of most people today is whether this Plan will continue in all its great wisdom, or whether it will be fully destroyed, or, perhaps, has been so destroyed already. â€Å"To understand this, it may be best to pass quickly over some of the highlights of the Plan as it has been revealed to humanity thus far. (This part was easy because she had taken Modern History the semester before.) â€Å"In the days, nearly four centuries ago, when the First Galactic Empire was decaying into the paralysis that preceded final death, one man – the great Hari Seldon – foresaw the approaching end. Through the science of psychohistory, the intrissacies of whose mathematics has long since been forgotten, (She paused in a trifle of doubt. She was sure that â€Å"intricacies† was pronounced with soft c’s but the spelling didn’t look right. Oh, well, the machine couldn’t very well be wrong-) he and the men who worked with him are able to foretell the course of the great social and economic currents sweeping the Galaxy at the time. It was possible for them to realize that, left to itself, the Empire would break up, and that thereafter there would be at least thirty thousand years of anarchic chaos prior to the establishment of a new Empire. â€Å"It was too late to prevent the great Fall, but it was still possible, at least, to cut short the intermediate period of chaos. The Plan was, therefore, evolved whereby only a single millennium would separate the Second Empire from the First. We are completing the fourth century of that millennium, and many generations of men have lived and died while the Plan has continued its inexorable workings. â€Å"Hari Seldon established two Foundations at the opposite ends of the Galaxy, in a manner and under such circumstances as would yield the best mathematical solution for his psychohistorical problem. In one of these, our Foundation, established here on Terminus, there was concentrated the physical science of the Empire, and through the possession of that science, the Foundation was able to withstand the attacks of the barbarous kingdoms which had broken away and become independent, out at the hinge of the Empire. â€Å"The Foundation, indeed, was able to conquer in its turn these short-lived kingdoms by means of the leadership of a series of wise and heroic men like Salvor Hardin and Hober Mallow who were able to interpret the Plan intelligently and to guide our land through its (She had written â€Å"intricacies† here also, but decided not to risk it a second time.) complications. All our planets still revere their memories although centuries have passed. â€Å"Eventually, the Foundation established a commercial system which controlled a large portion of the Siwennian and Anacreonian sectors of the Galaxy, and even defeated the remnants of the old Empire under its last great general, Bel Riose. It seemed that nothing could now stop the workings of Seldon’s plan. Every crisis that Seldon had planned had come at its appropriate time and had been solved, and with each solution the Foundation had taken another giant stride toward Second Empire and peace. â€Å"And then, (Her breath came short at this point, and she hissed the word, between her teeth, but the Transmitter simply wrote them calmly and gracefully.) with the last remnants of the dead First Empire gone and with only ineffectual warlords ruling over the splinters and remnants of the decayed colossus, (She got that phrase out of a thriller on the video last week, but old Miss Erlking never listened to anything but symphonies and lectures, so she’d never know.) there came the Mule. â€Å"This strange man was not allowed for in the Plan. He was a mutant, whose birth could not have been predicted. He had strange and mysterious power of controlling and manipulating human emotions and in this manner could bend all men to his will. With breath-taking swiftness, he became a conqueror and Empire-builder, until, finally, he even defeated the Foundation itself. â€Å"Yet he never obtained universal dominion, since in his first overpowering lunge he was stopped by the wisdom and daring of a great woman (Now there was that old problem again. Father would insist that she never bring up the fact that she was the grandchild of Bayta Darell. Everyone knew it and Bayta was just about the greatest woman there ever was and she had stopped the Mule singlehanded.) in a manner the true story of which is known in its entirety to very few. (There! If she had to read it to the class, that last could he said in a dark voice, and someone would be sure to ask what the true story was, and then – well, and then she couldn’t help tell the truth if they asked her, could she? In her mind, she was already wordlessly whizzing through a hurt and eloquent explanation to a stern and questioning paternal parent.) â€Å"After five years of restricted rule, another change took place, the reasons for which are not known, and the Mule abandoned all plans for further conquest. His last five years were those of an enlightened despot. â€Å"It is said by some that the change in the Mule was brought about by the intervention of the Second Foundation. However, no man has ever discovered the exact location of this other Foundation, nor knows its exact function, so that theory remains unproven. â€Å"A whole generation has passed since the death of the Mule. What of the future, then, now that he has come and gone? He interrupted Seldon’s Plan and seemed to have burst it to fragments, yet as soon as he died, the Foundation rose again, like a nova from the dead ashes of a dying star. (She had made that up herself.) Once again, the planet Terminus houses the center of a commercial federation almost as great and as rich as before the conquest, and even more peaceful and democratic. â€Å"Is this planned? Is Seldon’s great dream still alive, and will a Second Galactic Empire yet be formed six hundred years from now? I, myself, believe so, because (This was the important part. Miss Erlking always had those large, ugly red-pencil scrawls that went: ‘But this is only descriptive. What are your personal reactions? Think! Express yourself! Penetrate your own soul!’ Penetrate your own soul. A lot she knew about souls, with her lemon face that never smiled in its life-) never at any time has the political situation been so favorable. The old Empire is completely dead and the period of the Mule’s rule put an end to the era of warlords that preceded him. Most of the surrounding portions of the Galaxy are civilized and peaceful. â€Å"Moreover the internal health of the Foundation is better than ever before. The despotic times of the pre-Conquest hereditary mayors have given way to the democratic elections of early times. There are no longer dissident worlds of independent Traders; no longer the injustices and dislocations that accompanied accumulations of great wealth in the hands of a few. â€Å"There is no reason, therefore, to fear failure, unless it is true that the Second Foundation itself presents a danger. Those who think so have no evidence to back their claim, but merely vague fears and superstitions. I think that our confidence in ourselves, in our nation, and in Hari Seldon’s great Plan should drive from our hearts and minds all uncertainties and (Hm-m-m. This was awfully corny, but something like this was expected at the end.) so I say-â€Å" That is as far as â€Å"The Future of Seldon’s Plan† got, at that moment, because there was the gentlest little tap on the window, and when Arcadia shot up to a balance on one arm of the chair, she found herself confronted by a smiling face beyond the glass, its even symmetry of feature interestingly accentuated by the short, vertical fine of a finger before its lips. With the slight pause necessary to assume an attitude of bepuzzlement, Arcadia dismounted from the armchair, walked to the couch that fronted the wide window that held the apparition and, kneeling upon it, stared out thoughtfully. The smile upon the man’s face faded quickly. While the fingers of one hand tightened whitely upon the sill, the other made a quick gesture. Arcadia obeyed calmly, and closed the latch that moved the lower third of the window smoothly into its socket in the wall, allowing the warm spring air to interfere with the conditioning within. â€Å"You can’t get in,† she said, with comfortable smugness. â€Å"The windows are all screened, and keyed only to people who belong here. If you come in, all sorts of alarms will break loose.† A pause, then she added, â€Å"You look sort of silly balancing on that ledge underneath the window. If you’re not careful, you’ll fall and break your neck and a lot of valuable flowers.† â€Å"In that case,† said the man at the window, who had been thinking that very thing – with a slightly different arrangement of adjectives- â€Å"will you shut off the screen and let me in?† â€Å"No use in doing that'† said Arcadia. â€Å"You’re probably thinking of a different house, because I’m not the kind of girl who lets strange men into their†¦ her bedroom this time of night.† Her eyes, as she said it, took on a heavy-lidded sultriness – or an unreasonable facsimile thereof. All traces of humor whatever had disappeared from the young stranger’s face. He muttered, â€Å"This is Dr. Darell’s house, isn’t it?† â€Å"Why should I tell you?† â€Å"Oh, Galaxy- Good-by-â€Å" â€Å"If you jump off, young man, I will personally give the alarm.† (This was intended as a refined and sophisticated thrust of irony, since to Arcadia’s enlightened eyes, the intruder was an obviously mature thirty, at least – quite elderly, in fact.) Quite a pause. Then, tightly, he said, â€Å"Well, now, look here, girlie, if you don’t want me to stay, and don’t want me to go, what do you want me to do?† â€Å"You can come in, I suppose. Dr. Darell does live here. I’ll shut off the screen now.† Warily, after a searching look, the young man poked his hand through the window, then hunched himself up and through it. He brushed at his knees with an angry, slapping gesture, and lifted a reddened face at her. â€Å"You’re quite sure that your character and reputation won’t suffer when they find me here, are you?† â€Å"Not as much as yours would, because just as soon as I hear footsteps outside, I’ll just shout and yell and say you forced your way in here.† â€Å"Yes?† he replied with heavy courtesy, â€Å"And how do you intend to explain the shut-off protective screen?† â€Å"Poof! That would be easy. There wasn’t any there in the first place.† The man’s eyes were wide with chagrin. â€Å"That was a bluff? How old are you, kid?† â€Å"I consider that a very impertinent question, young man. And I am not accustomed to being addressed as ‘kid.'† â€Å"I don’t wonder. You’re probably the Mule’s grandmother in disguise. Do you mind if I leave now before you arrange a lynching party with myself as star performer?† â€Å"You had better not leave – because my father’s expecting you.† The man’s look became a wary one, again. An eyebrow shot up as he said, lightly, â€Å"Oh? Anyone with your father?’ â€Å"No.† â€Å"Anyone called on him lately?’ â€Å"Only tradespeople – and you.† â€Å"Anything unusual happen at all?† â€Å"Only you.† â€Å"Forget me, will you? No, don’t forget me. Tell me, how did you know your father was expecting me?† â€Å"Oh, that was easy. Last week, he received a Personal Capsule, keyed to him personally, with a self-oxidizing message, you know. He threw the capsule shell into the Trash Disinto, and yesterday, he gave Poli – that’s our maid, you see – a month’s vacation so she could visit her sister in Terminus City, and this afternoon, he made up the bed in the spare room. So I knew he expected somebody that I wasn’t supposed to know anything about. Usually, he tells me everything.† â€Å"Really! I’m surprised he has to. I should think you’d know everything before he tells you.† ‘I usually do.† Then she laughed. She was beginning to feel very much at ease. The visitor was elderly, but very distinguished-looking with curly brown hair and very blue eyes. Maybe she could meet somebody like that again, sometimes, when she was old herself. â€Å"And just how,† he asked, â€Å"did you know it was I he expected.† â€Å"Well, who else could it be? He was expecting somebody in so secrety a way, if you know what I mean – and then you come gumping around trying to sneak through windows, instead of walking through the front door, the way you would if you had any sense.† She remembered a favorite line, and used it promptly. â€Å"Men are so stupid!† â€Å"Pretty stuck on yourself, aren’t you, kid? I mean, Miss. You could be wrong, you know. What if I told you that all this is a mystery to me and that as far as I know, your father is expecting someone else, not me.† â€Å"Oh, I don’t think so. I didn’t ask you to come in, until after I saw you drop your briefcase.† â€Å"My what?† â€Å"Your briefcase, young man. I’m not blind. You didn’t drop it by accident, because you looked down first, so as to make sure it would land right. Then you must have realized it would land just under the hedges and wouldn’t be seen, so you dropped it and didn’t look down afterwards. Now since you came to the window instead of the front door, it must mean that you were a little afraid to trust yourself in the house before investigating the place. And after you had a little trouble with me, you took care of your briefcase before taking care of yourself, which means that you consider whatever your briefcase has in it to be more valuable than your own safety, and that means that as long as you’re in here and the briefcase is out there and we know that it’s out there, you’re probably pretty helpless.† She paused for a much-needed breath, and the man said, grittily, â€Å"Except that I think I’ll choke you just about medium dead and get out of here, with the briefcase.† â€Å"Except, young man, that I happen to have a baseball bat under my bed, which I can reach in two seconds from where I’m sitting, and I’m very strong for a girl.† Impasse. Finally, with a strained courtesy, the â€Å"young man† said, â€Å"Shall I introduce myself, since we’re being so chummy. I’m Pelleas Anthor. And your name?† â€Å"I’m Arca- Arkady Darell. Pleased to meet you.† â€Å"And now Arkady, would you be a good little girl and call your father?† Arcadia bridled. â€Å"I’m not a little girl. I think you’re very rude – especially when you’re asking a favor.† Pelleas Anthor sighed. â€Å"Very well. Would you be a good, kind, dear, little old lady, just chock full of lavender, and call your father?† â€Å"That’s not what I meant either, but I’ll call him. Only not so I’ll take my eyes off you, young man.† And she stamped on the floor. There came the sound of hurrying footsteps in the hall, and the door was flung open. â€Å"Arcadia-† There was a tiny explosion of exhaled air, and Dr. Darell said, â€Å"Who are you, sir?† Pelleas sprang to his feet in what was quite obviously relief. â€Å"Dr. Toran Darell? I am Pelleas Anthor. You’ve received word about me, I think. At least, your daughter says you have.† â€Å"My daughter says I have?† He bent a frowning glance at her which caromed harmlessly off the wide-eyed and impenetrable web of innocence with which she met the accusation. Dr. Darell said, finally: â€Å"I have been expecting you. Would you mind coming down with me, please?† And he stopped as his eye caught a flicker of motion, which Arcadia caught simultaneously. She scrambled toward her Transcriber, but it was quite useless, since her father was standing right next to it. He said, sweetly, â€Å"You’ve left it going all this time, Arcadia.† â€Å"Father,† she squeaked, in real anguish, â€Å"it is very ungentlemanly to read another person’s private correspondence, especially when it’s talking correspondence.† â€Å"Ah,† said her father, â€Å"but ‘talking correspondence’ with a strange man in your bedroom! As a father, Arcadia, I must protect you against evil.† â€Å"Oh, golly – it was nothing like that.† Pelleas laughed suddenly, â€Å"Oh, but it was, Dr. Darell. The young lady was going to accuse me of all sorts of things, and I must insist that you read it, if only to clear my name.† â€Å"Oh-† Arcadia held back her tears with an effort. Her own father didn’t even trust her. And that darned Transcriber- If that silly fool hadn’t come gooping at the window, and making her forget to turn it off. And now her father would be making long, gentle speeches about what young ladies aren’t supposed to do. There just wasn’t anything they were supposed to do, it looked like, except choke and die, maybe. â€Å"Arcadia,† said her father, gently, â€Å"it strikes me that a young lady-â€Å" She knew it. She knew it. â€Å"-should not be quite so impertinent to men older than she is.† â€Å"Well, what did he want to come peeping around my window for? A young lady has a right to privacy- Now I’ll have to do my whole darned composition over.† â€Å"It’s not up to you to question his propriety in coming to your window. You should simply not have let him in. You should have called me instantly – especially if you thought I was expecting him.† She said, peevishly, â€Å"It’s just as well if you didn’t see him – stupid thing. Hell give the whole thing away if he keeps on going to windows, instead of doors.† â€Å"Arcadia, nobody wants your opinion on matters you know nothing of.† â€Å"I do, too. It’s the Second Foundation, that’s what it is.† There was a silence. Even Arcadia felt a little nervous stirring in her abdomen. Dr. Darell said, softly, â€Å"Where have you heard this?† â€Å"Nowheres, but what else is there to be so secret about? And you don’t have to worry that I’ll tell anyone.† â€Å"Mr. Anthor,† said Dr. Darell, â€Å"I must apologize for all this.† â€Å"Oh, that’s all right,† came Anthor’s rather hollow response. â€Å"It’s not your fault if she’s sold herself to the forces of darkness. But do you mind if I ask her a question before we go. Miss Arcadia-â€Å" â€Å"What do you want?† â€Å"Why do you think it is stupid to go to windows instead of to doors?† â€Å"Because you advertise what you’re trying to hide, silly. If I have a secret, I don’t put tape over my mouth and let everyone know I have a secret. I talk just as much as usual, only about something else. Didn’t you ever read any of the sayings of Salvor Hardin? He was our first Mayor, you know.† â€Å"Yes, I know.† â€Å"Well, he used to say that only a lie*** that wasn’t ashamed of itself could possibly succeed. He also said that nothing had to be true, but everything had to sound true. Well, when you come in through a window, it’s a lie that’s ashamed of itself and it doesn’t sound true.† â€Å"Then what would you have done?† â€Å"If I had wanted to see my father on top secret business, I would have made his acquaintance openly and seen him about all sorts of strictly legitimate things. And then when everyone knew all about you and connected you with my father as a matter of course, you could be as top secret as you want and nobody would ever think of questioning it.† Anthor looked at the girl strangely, then at Dr. Darell. He said, â€Å"Let’s go. I have a briefcase I want to pick up in the garden. Wait! Just one last question. Arcadia, you don’t really have a baseball bat under your bed, do you?† â€Å"No! I don’t.† â€Å"Hah. I didn’t think so.† Dr. Darell stopped at the door. â€Å"Arcadia,† he said, â€Å"when you rewrite your composition on the Seldon Plan, don’t be unnecessarily mysterious about your grandmother. There is no necessity to mention that part at all.† He and Pelleas descended the stairs in silence. Then the visitor asked in a strained voice, â€Å"Do you mind, sir? How old is she?† â€Å"Fourteen, day before yesterday.† â€Å"Fourteen? Great Galaxy- Tell me, has she ever said she expects to marry some day?† â€Å"No, she hasn’t. Not to me.† Well, if she ever does, shoot him. The one she’s going to marry, I mean.† He stared earnestly into the older man’s eyes. â€Å"I’m serious. Life could hold no greater horror than living with what she’ll be like when she’s twenty. I don’t mean to offend you, of course.† â€Å"You don’t offend me. I think I know what you mean.† Upstairs, the object of their tender analyses faced the Transcriber with revolted weariness and said, dully: â€Å"Thefutureofseldonsplan.† The Transcriber with infinite aplomb, translated that into elegantly, complicated script capitals as: â€Å"The Future of Seldon’s Plan.† How to cite Second Foundation 7. Arcadia, Essay examples

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Question: Discuss What makes a good leader? Answer: Introduction Everybody has a different opinion on the word leadership because some individuals might consider an individual as their leader who has the capability of driving away the problem is, issues difficulties and a few individuals might consider anybody as a leader who is having a charisma or who is capable of showing them the dreams of a great future (Kantharia, 2012). Similarly many people consider a person to be a leader if he is capable of making them grow by creating wise strategies for them etc. Therefore there are different ideas of a leader but there is one thing which is same in all the perspective i.e. people consider anybody to be a leader if that person appears to them as best of the best individuals (Tight, 2010). Nobody would consider an individual to be the leader who doesn't possess any knowledge of demands and desires of his team are who is not capable of bearing hardships etc. (Charteris-Black, 2007). What makes a good leader? As per my opinion, a good leader has to be one who is able to communicate and collaborate, along with inspiring individuals for working to attain the desired objectives (Wheatley, 2009). Leaders have to work closely with other people, listen to their concerns and collaborate with them so that there is a resolution and desirable outcome achieved. Therefore a leader has to be easily accessible so that anybody can reach out to him for solutions, whenever there is any kind of problem (Sadler, 2013).Leading a set of individuals needs a shared sense of trust and understanding among the leader and the team members. Being an initial step on the way to that target, leaders must be trained to connect (Price, 2004). The leader has to process one more quality which is the abilityof identifyingthe appropriate talent in the team, grooming the capabilities and skills and building successful teams. One of the examples of such capabilities is when a company is goingthrough anychange or a merger and there is a task of integrating the team (Charteris-Black, 2007).These teammembers usually have different work experiences and technical backgrounds and they might be sitting across different time zones. So in this casethe leader has to identify the strengths of every new member and assess how his capabilities, skills and qualities can match up with the team. The leader has to carry out different discussions and identify their skill sets and interests (Bhatti et al., 2012).There has to be some strategymade orassignment of work has to be done in such a manner that people are able to pick up the new skills with their work and there can be cross-training within the teams. This way integration of team can be han dled rightly by their leader and the major role of the leader is to motivate the team members and keep them informed along with the provision of support (Deschamps, 2005). The biggest drawback in the leaderis whenhe is being deceitful all makes false promises and skews the facts and information. This way a leader can lose the trust of people (Board Leadership, 2011). A good leader must be capable of communicating factually and setting the practical goals so that his team is inspired. There has been a continuous debate which can be observed in different literature and professional practices, or if the leaders are created or are born (Burns, 2012). This debate is focused on the basis that these traits which form a leader to be successful can't be taught. These skills mightinvolve motivation, great looking ethics and ambition (Johnson, Smith and Strutt, 2006). There is a perception in different literature that these skills are inherited in people who come up as leaders in the places of work. However thetraits or skills related to ambition, working ethics and motivation are not easily measured by themselves (Topalian, 2012). One example of a leader might be of Adolf Hitler who utilised basic leadership practices of transformation and followership. He could be considered as a great leader by his success of rebuilding Germany post World War I (Fitch, 2015). However after the consideration given to his total work, many of the individuals consider him to be a mark off in sult to the profession of leadership. He can be considered as a dictator but not a leader. This comes with the fact that leaders have to be ethical and moral actors. A good leader is one who is ready to serve others, selfless, humble, vice, form and processes different great qualities. There are various characteristics and skills of a great leader but a single person can't possess them all.Leadership is a trait that requires strong mind with the capability to make firm decisions (Decker, 2009). It can also be said that anybody who is capable of satisfying the basic psychological desires of his followers can also be termed as a successful leader. Leadership is the trait which can't be taken from any other person rather it can be attained through self determination of an individual. It can be best described as the personality of the extremely highest capability in terms of thinking, ruling, innovating, influencing, motivating, imagining etc. (Business analysis training helps leaders achieve an enterprise-wide perspective, 2010). The leaders can be categorised as per their work practices. For instance people linked with politics are considered to be political leaders and the leaders who are part of Armed Forces are considered to be leaders of their respective areas. Leadership is significant quality which is needed by political leaders and also by the Armed Forces because they are the ones who keep the country secured and therefore they should be capable of utilising their power and must be attentive all the time (Jillett, 2000). Another quality which is highly important for the leader is alertness and intelligence. The leader has to be alert all the time so that any fraudulent activity or wrongdoing doesn't impact him. By use of alertness and intelligence, leaders can control any difficult situation easily (Verstraeten, 2008). The leaders have to be impartial, positive and action oriented. In case of any partial for any follower, the leader loses trust and confidence of others. It is the duty of a leader to motivate and increase the standards of every follower and not only some of them. A leader has to be an optimistic person with positive attitude and he must not have negative thinking or any plans which reflect negativity. One person who shows negative behaviour can never become a leader. The leader has to be very courageous and he must show his spirits for facing the issues and resolving those rather than putting blames on others or embarrassing others (Rettberg, 2016). For being successful and attain heights, one must avoid being coward, resentment and must become bold, action-oriented and idealistic (Hakimi, Van Knippenberg and Giessner, 2010).A good leader possesses all these attributes. Rather than turning out to be a boss for the followers on the group members, a great leader is always ready to ass ist them by his experiences and help them in changing their minds and motives towards positivism. There are different traits that define a great leadership. The leader has a skill to influence, motivate individuals so that they carry out tasks in such a manner that there able to attain a common goal. Effective leaders have to perform in a ceaseless manner and communicate with individuals for motivating them efficiently. The trait theories put stress on different attributes and dates of the leaders which bring efficiency. However the trait theories were not able to set up the traits which are mutual to each leader. Every leader has different characteristics and as per this theory there are specific characteristics which might be helpful for leaders to be more effective, like charisma, knowledge, trust, confidence etc. depending totally on these traits might not always be useful for motivating the team members in retaining the stated objectives. The other set of leadership theories are behavioral theories which are useful in identifying particular behaviors of leaders that can be helpful in being successful. The leaders might show people-oriented or task-oriented attitude and might take decisions on different styles like authoritarian, laissez faire or, democratic styles. But these theories also ignore the situation aspects and environmental aspects therefore contingency theories are preferred. Contingency theories showed that the fitness of leadership is linked with interplaying of different attitudes, traits, behaviors and environmental factors. Therefore these are the best theories which can be applied to different situations. As per the situation model it is suggested that leadership style must be as per the maturity level of the team members. Therefore the later is free to choose any of the styles from telling, selling, participation, delegating. This different style is very because when the leader has to deal with new entrants in the business then they prefer to apply the telling style and informed them rightly what has to be done and how it is to be done. The leader would also need to apply the delegating approach when he interacts with the team members. Path-Goal model shows that a leader can influence the performance and motivation of the group by providing with the rewards for attaining the performance objectives and making clear path with the removal of any hindrances. Similarly when the leader practices his leadership with knowledge workers then transformational leadership style is the best approach where in the followers and leaders can take one another to the next level of motivating and attacks The leader I could be By carrying out different online tests for revealing the effectiveness as leader, I could assist that there are different rates which leaders need. There are two major areas of personal development which can help in making a great leader which are positive attitude and self-confidence. X in case one is optimistic and has purchase an attitude then he is capable of making the best from all situations and he can easily motivate others to perform at their best. Similarly a self-confident leader is one who can inspire others. I can be self-confident by mastering Key skills and situations and my understanding that one can bring more value by working. One of the best approaches for improving the confidence is to be aware of everything that one has already attained.] Similarly a positive frame of mind is also linked with great leadership. It is important that there is a strong sense of balance Developed and recognised which helps in recognising the issues and hindrances and helps in dealing with the issues in a positive way. The people who are positive in nature have a realistic approach towards different situations and they are ready to bring changes for overcoming issues. I can be a great leader by using stress management techniques, relaxation and exercising therapies which are useful for getting rid of negative feelings. Also, it is the utilisation of the emotional intelligence that is "soft skills", "character" and "communication skills". By emotional intelligence the better understanding of a particular type of human talent is provided and it is the capacity of recognising the feelings of the individual and of other people. It assists in managing the emotions for creating strong relations. I also undertook the VARK test which provided with an insight into the predisposition for a specific learning style. There are different learning styles which dominate an individual and there are different styles which are tertiary, secondary or least preferred ones. Since the learning styles change with time, therefore this test can be undertaken on a regular basis because it shows a personal self-assessment of liked learning mortality. Looking at this kind of test and I could see that most of the team members prefer visual learning and others preferred Kinaesthetic learning thus the leadership approach has to be changed as per the situation. For becoming a great later I have to keep in mind that my actions always set the tone for whatever it issuitableattribute at the place of work. I have to always show directions which I prefer my team to replicate. I was so set of rules for behaviourand expectationsfor the way in which the team members must behave at the workplace. There are various actions which are not tolerated at the workplace. In myopinionthe best approach of encouraging this particular set of actions is to rightly show these behaviours Meissen Being humble is also one of thekeywhere the credit of successful projects is shared with theteam members. In case of any mistake, I usually admit to the same and in case there is a need for apologising then the same can be done. By such admittance of mistakes, and the workers generally feel safe when they have to admit their faults ratherthenusing any "blame game court. By the acceptance that individuals can be at fault, there can be a great atmosphere created at the workplace. For practising effective communication I can let my teamtoknow that they are open to discuss the workplace problems with me and forthisI need to be approachable. It is important that team members are given attention and I keep an open mind while listening to them. It is necessary that the conversation is kept confidential therefore trust can be built in this manner. It is also important that the staff members are aware of the expectations of the leader and the misunderstandings are quickly addressed. To decrease the misunderstandings it is important that there is effective communication and whatever has been discussed is email to the team member, if needed. Confidentleader is one who knows that there is always additional to be learnt and who seeks advice from anybody who is more experienced. It is important that the leader takes feedback from the team members, mentor and peer group. Looking at the different leadership stories, I could be a situational leadership because I feel that it is important to act as per the situations and one approach or style is not suitable to all circumstances. Each leader hasparticularstyle of dealing with individuals. Therefore it is important that I take help of my mentor is in identifying the strengths and weaknesses and get feedback from the team membersashow they live my management style. Since a single style cannot be applied to differentsituations thereforeI can take a lookondifferent leaders of the past and the causes of their success or failure. It is important that the leadership style doesn't need to be same as any previous leader of the business rather it should be the real one. Autocratic style is something that I would not like to be because I don't want to be control freak and being disliked by the subordinates. The autocratic leadership style can be highly useful in case of crisis especially in the need of fast decisions. It is also useful in case of routine processes and jobs that require unskilled workers (Blank, 2011). This leadership style is not my preferred style because it suppresses the creativity and permits the leader in excessive control and abusive of the power. I would rather prefer the bureaucratic style where I would follow the principles and useful for dealing with highly technical workers. This find leadership would be useful in preventing any kind of conflict in ideas with the team members since only the documented principles and rules have to be followed. However this style should not be uploaded every time because the creativity and innovation might get suppressed (Axelrod and Coyle, 2011). Laissez Faire style is better than the previous two sides because in this I would be able to love my subordinates to work on their own and there can be some recommendations provided with the information regarding the deadlines to be achieved. This kind of leadership would be effective when the workers are highly capable and great experience in data. This way the workers and teammates would be capable of doing the task on their own. In case the workers and on skilled and experienced then this styles would not be suitable. The most suitable style is the democratic approach which permits the perfect balance of authority of the later and involvement of team members. This is a collaborative style where in the leaders and teammates work together towards accomplishment of the predefined goals. It is the responsibility of a leader to make sure that the team members stay motivated and the business goals are achieved. For this it is important to Study the place of her and assess which kind of leadership style is most appropriate so that everybody works at the optimal level (Axelrod and Coyle, 2011). There's further to leadership than possessing a high-ranking designation and being in charge of a team. The managers might be authorized to tell individuals what to do, however if a manager is an ineffective leader, he won't be capable of guiding and motivating his team to achieve business objectives (Ingham and Feldman, 2009). The most excellent leaders correspond frequently and are clear in delivery of thoughts. The most excellent leaders also adapt communications to best suit the circumstances and the receiver. This means they take the time to understand which communication style is favoured by every team member (e.g. are they a manuscript individual, email, telephone, or personal communicator?) Moreover theyre good listeners and genuinely pay attention to other individuals (Singh, 2015). Conclusion Ultimately, a superior leader has to be devoted to his group members and practices. This consecutively, will lead to a feeling of assurance amongst the followers. Having trust in self capabilities and the people around him/her, the leader gets inspired and motivates other people in the process too. With a high level of understanding one might embark on a personal development plan for moving toward the objective of being an exceptional leader by building up some of the average strengths to the uppermost levels (Osborne, 2010.). It is important for the leaders to initiate to form a personal development plan with the clear goal of becoming a superior leader. But without any plan, one is dependent on fortune and situation to make oneself more efficient. References Axelrod, W. and Coyle, J. (2011). Make talent your business.Leader to Leader, 2011(62), pp.11-16. Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M. and Shaikh, F. (2012). 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Leaders Lacking Emotional Intelligence: Towards A Theory Of Tobephobic Leaders.Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 31(3), p.1179. Tight, D. (2010). Perceptual Learning Style Matching and L2 Vocabulary Acquisition.Language Learning, 60(4), pp.792-833. Topalian, A. (2012). Frontline Roles for Design Leaders in the Multiverses of Business.Design Management Journal, 7(1), pp.29-39. Verstraeten, J. (2008). From Business Ethics to the Vocation of Business Leaders to Humanize the World of Business.Business Ethics: A European Review, 7(2), pp.111-124. Wheatley, M. (2009). When complex systems fail: New roles for leaders.Leader to Leader, 1999(11), pp.28-34.